Wells is a professor at Iowa State University with a research interest in the integration of both cognitive psychology and social psychology and its interface with law. In cases where the perpetrator of the crime was a stranger to the eyewit ness, however, the reliability of the identification is often at issue. A considerable amount is now known about how to lower the rate of mistaken identifications through the use of better procedures for conducting identification. "Psychologically, it's a very different experience," Wells said. Eyewitness identification is a specific type of eyewit ness testimony in which an eyewitness claims to rec ognize a specific person as one who committed a par ticular action. In the past, criminal departments have only thought of psychologists as therapists, Wells said.Wells will present his findings in the 2005 ISU Presidential University Lecture at 8 p.m. Monday in the Sun Room of the Memorial Union.But the dozens of yellowed snapshots - now stored in a cardboard box in his blue trailer - also are bitter reminders of the moments and memories stolen from him while he served time for a rape he didn't commit.Although 16 witnesses placed him elsewhere July 29, 1985, when Penny Beerntsen was brutally attacked on a Wisconsin beach, she identified Avery in a lineup and swore it was him during the trial.
Sometimes, we can even build false recollections about people we only think we saw.
So I figure I'll have a couple more so I can hear that."
"Avery admits he doesn't know whether the lineup procedure is solely to blame for his conviction. "I think the change is coming," Wolf said. Eyewitness testimony — it’s often thought of as solid evidence in criminal cases, but researchers including Iowa State University’s Gary Wells have found that our memories aren’t as reliable as we think.
These DNA exoneration cases, along with previous analyses of wrongful convictions, poi nt to mistaken eyewitness testimony as the primary cause of the conviction of innocent people.This chapter was publised as Wells, G. L. (2002). Wells provided testimony to aid the jury in understanding the various psychological and memory aspects of eyewitness identification.
Gary L. Wells is an American psychologist and an internationally recognized scholar in eyewitness memory research. "It's amazing how slow it can be to change things within the legal system. Eyewitness testimony refers to verbal state ments from people regardi ng what they observed and can purportedly remember that would be relevant to issues of proof at a criminal or civil trial. Such state ments constitute a common form of evidence at trials.
Gary Wells has received nationwide recognition for his studies on the way memory affects eyewitness identification. Wells, Gary L., "Eyewitness testimony" (2002).
"In a pilot study underway since last fall, a different way of conducting lineups that some say could sharply reduce the number of false identifications is being tested in Evanston, Joliet and Chicago.Suspects in traditional lineups are arranged shoulder to shoulder in the same room, and witnesses use a process of elimination to select someone who looks most like the perpetrator, said Gary Wells, a psychology professor at Iowa State University who has researched mistaken identifications for more than 25 years.Wells and other researchers advocate another approach, the "sequential" lineup, where suspects are brought in one at a time so witnesses can examine each individually.Already used in New Jersey and with half a dozen police departments across the country, the sequential lineup is being tested in the three Illinois communities, a project that will conclude later this year. Suspects in cases assigned even numbers get the traditional lineup while those with odd case numbers are lined up sequentially, said Deputy Chief Joe Bellino.The only glitch so far for the relatively small department is finding a person with absolutely no knowledge of the case to fulfill the "blind administrator" requirement, Bellino said.With the sequential approach, someone without any knowledge of the suspect is to conduct the lineup as a way of avoiding body language or commentary, no matter how slight, that might influence the witness.In Joliet, lineups in the eastern half of the city are being conducted sequentially.
Eyewitness testimony refers to verbal state ments from people regardi ng what they observed and can purportedly remember that would be relevant to issues of proof at a criminal or civil trial. Now police departments are using a sequential procedure so the witness only sees one suspect at a time.Police departments in New Jersey, North Carolina, Boston and Minneapolis have implemented the new procedure, Wells said. "I can't conceive why anything needs to be studied. "We're going to learn which one is better," she said.During the study, Evanston is using a case number system to determine who gets what kind of lineup. "I'd like to hear, 'Daddy,' and 'Mama,'" he said. In recent years, wrongful convictions of innocent people have been discovered through post-conviction DNA testing, and these cases show that more than 80 percent of these innocent people were convicted using mistaken eyewitness identification evidence. "She also made a point of scratching him and thought to crawl on her wrists after the assault to preserve whatever evidence was under her nails.
He has extensive research on lineup procedures and the reliability and accuracy of eyewitness identification, and has been widely acknowledged in both the field of psychology and the criminal justice system.
"I think Iowa police departments are sort of ready to change," Wells said.
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