1. Matching social role variables (marital status, children, occupational status) between females and males reduces the female excess by about 50% across all centers. Other issues also may increase the risk of developing depression during pregnancy or during attempts to become pregnant, such as:Many new mothers find themselves sad, angry and irritable, and experience crying spells soon after giving birth. Costa e Silva, M. von Korff, Y. Lecrubier, H. Ormel, H.U. By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseWomen with premature ovarian failure using hormone therapy do not experience increased levels of depression, anxiety and stress compared to controls., Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students, Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals, Teacher stress and burnout in urban middle schools: Associations with job demands, resources, and effective classroom practices, Gender similarities in somatic depression and in DSM depression secondary symptom profiles within the context of severity and bereavement, An Investigation into the Relationship among Psychiatric, Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables with Bayesian Network Modeling, Ethnic inequalities in child and adolescent health in the Scandinavian welfare states: The role of parental socioeconomic status – a systematic review, Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-Positive Concordant and Discordant Heterosexual Couples in China, Social, Political and Cultural Dimensions of Health, The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Depression: The Role of Problem-Solving Appraisal, Gender display in Scandinavian and American advertising for antidepressants, A History of Male Psychological Disorders in Britain, 1945–1980, Cognitive, Affective and Eudemonic Well-Being in Later Life: Measurement Equivalence over Gender and Life Stage, The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society, The variation of the stress–mental health relationship by ethnicity and gender, The Gendered Construction and Experience of Difficulties and Rewards in Cancer Care, Feeling left out? Costa e Silva, L. Villano (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil); R. Florenzano, J. Acuno (Santiago/Chile); G. Simon, M. von Korff (Seattle, W.A./USA); Yan He-Qin, Xaio Shi Fu (Shanghai/China), M. Tansella, C. Bellantuono (Verona/Italy).Advisory Group: J.A. It's thought to be associated with:Risk of depression may increase during the transition to menopause, a stage called perimenopause, when hormone levels may fluctuate erratically. Gender differences in depression appear to be at their greatest during reproductive years (Bebbington, 1996). Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression: Artefact, Alternative Disorders, Biology or Roles? While recent overviews and theory concerning the gender differences in depression have focused on social and hormonal changes, elevated affiliative needs among females at puberty, and heightened depres- Because girls typically reach puberty before boys do, they're more likely to develop depression at an earlier age than boys are. Although these stressors also occur in men, it's usually at a lower rate. After puberty, depression rates are higher in females than in males. It is well documented by a large variety of epidemiological surveys that unipolar depression is more common in females compared to males by a factor of about two, whereas bipolar affective disorder reveals a balanced gender ratio (Bebbington, 1988). Such a specific difference cannot be explained easily as a result of biological differences, particularly as among women rates of depression did not vary by parity. Contributors Women show higher overall prevalence of depression because they have much higher prevalence of another type of depression, somatic depression, based on psychosocial factors. Factors that may increase the risk of depression in women include:Women with depression often have other mental health conditions that need treatment as well, such as:Although depression might seem overwhelming, there's effective treatment. Here's what contributes to depression in women.Hormone changes during puberty may increase some girls' risk of developing depression.
and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account.Enter your email address below and we will send you your usernameIf the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username Consistent with an explanation based on gender differences in roles, women were only at greater risk of depression following an event involving children, housing and reproduction, and then only when there were clear gender differences in associated roles.
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