Many citizens were employed by state-run entities contracted by foreign entities inside the country and abroad to provide labor, often highly skilled labor such as doctors or engineers. According to credible media sources, during that time he was beaten once a week by his jailers, who sometimes sprayed his small cell with mace and encouraged other inmates to defecate into his cell.
Cuban workers employed by these entities are subject to labor regulations common to most state and nonstate workers and to some regulations specific to these kinds of entities. Employment advertisements were allowed to be openly sexist and racist. Cuba is an authoritarian state led by Miguel Diaz-Canel, president of the republic, with former president Raul Castro serving as the first secretary of the Cuban Communist Party (CCP). During his imprisonment he went on a hunger strike. After tolerating the growth of SNet for years, the government completed its expropriation of the system in August.The use of encryption software and the transfer of encrypted files are also illegal. Children ages 15 to 18 cannot work in specified hazardous occupations, such as mining, or at night.There were no known government programs to prevent child labor or to remove children from such labor. Time in detention before trial counted toward time served if convicted.Detainees may be interrogated at any time during detention and have no right to request the presence of counsel during interrogation. The government penalizes unlawful child labor with fines and suspension of work permits. On January 30, Iris Mariño García, a journalist for In July, Roberto de Jesús Quiñones, an independent journalist whose work is published on the news site Cubanet, was detained for 58 hours and held incommunicado. Penalties may be up to four years in prison.
The reforms, however, gave the government broad discretionary powers to restrict the right to travel on the grounds of “defense and national security” or “other reasons of public interest,” and authorities have repeatedly denied exit to people who express dissent.The government restricts the movement of citizens within Cuba through a 1997 law known as Decree 217, which is designed to limit migration to Havana. After being taken into custody, they were typically fined and released. To operate legally, all trade groups must belong to the CTC. As of December, Jose Daniel Ferrer remained in custody.There were reports that members of the security forces intimidated and physically assaulted human rights and prodemocracy advocates, political dissidents, and other detainees and prisoners during detention and imprisonment, and that they did so with impunity. Employers, including international businesses and organizations, were generally prohibited from contracting or paying workers directly, although many reportedly made supplemental payments under the table. On May 15, the EU and Cuba held their first-ever ministerial-level Joint Council meeting in Brussels.Cuba is a current member of the Human Rights Council, having been reelected for the 2017-2019 term.Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people in 90 countries worldwide, spotlighting abuses and bringing perpetrators to justice The law provides few grounds for a worker to refuse to work overtime below these caps. During the conference the ILO Committee of Experts on the Applications of Conventions requested the government provide statistical data on the number of collective agreements indicating the number of workers covered by sector.The law does not explicitly prohibit forced labor. Those charged may be released on bail, placed in home detention, or held in continued investigative detention. Police routinely stopped and questioned citizens, requested identification, and carried out search-and-seizure operations. Cuba is an authoritarian state led by Miguel Diaz-Canel, president of the republic, with former president Raul Castro serving as the first secretary of the Cuban Communist Party (CCP). Despite poor access, harassment, and infrastructure challenges, a growing number of citizens maintained blogs in which they posted opinions critical of the government with help from foreign supporters, who often built and maintained the blog sites overseas. In another case police interrupted a Jewish ceremony, entering the property with police dogs without a warrant and harassing members of the congregation. For example, in the “Mais Medicos” program run in cooperation with the Pan-American Health Organization in Brazil, of $1.3 billion the Brazilian government paid for the services of Cuban doctors, less than 1 percent–only $125 million–was paid to the doctors who provided the services. The university alleged the articles “caused teachers, students, and citizens in general to question the contents or sometimes sympathized with the positions in their confusion” and generally generated debate. Officials prevented persons from entering the house where the meeting was held, entered the house on the pretense of an “electrical meter check,” threatened and photographed persons who arrived, and arrested and then interrogated one member, Alenmichel Aguilo, for several hours.Recognized churches (including the Roman Catholic humanitarian organization Caritas), the Freemason movement, and a number of fraternal and professional organizations were the only organizations legally permitted to function outside the formal structure of the state or the ruling party. Family members say his body showed signs of severe beatings; authorities contend he threw himself against a wall and died of a heart attack. They do not benefit from due process guarantees, such as the right to fair and public hearings by a competent and impartial tribunal. Photo: Juan Suarez.
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