Spinal cord diagram

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The lumbar cord is situated between T9 and T11 vertebrae.

Complete injuries result in the total loss of movement and sensation below the point of injury, while incomplete injuries indicate that some function below the level of injury is retained.T10 is situated at the umbilicus. These alae articulate with the blades of the pelvis (ilium).As part of the pelvic girdle, the sacrum forms the back wall of the pelvis and also forms joints at the hip bone called the sacroiliac joints. There are several types of spinal cord injury that can affect the lumbar spine: Sacralization. An injury to the spinal cord between C6 and C7 vertebrae is called a C6-7 injury. The spinal cord can be divided into segments according to the nerve roots that branch off of it. Partial damage may cause weakness, numbness, lack of muscle control, or loss of the use of one side of the lower body. The sacrum fits between the two hipbones connecting the spine to the pelvis located just below the lumbar vertebrae.The Sacrum consists of four or five sacral vertebrae in a child, which become fused into a single bone after age 26. Thoracic vertebrae play an important role, not only in the protection of the spinal cord, but also in the protection of vital organs. L2 and L3 cover the front part of the thighs.The most likely to herniate. The thoracic vertebrae are situated between the cervical (neck) vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. Take a look at the spinal cord cross section diagram below. L4 and L5 fractures are commonly the result of a high impact trauma from falls or motor vehicle accidents.The fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) is the largest of the five lumbar vertebrae and is considered an atypical vertebra due to its shape.

These ribs are usually small, but may occasionally compress blood vessels (such as the subclavian artery) or nerves in the brachial plexus, causing unpleasant symptoms. The spinal cord is also organized into segments and named and numbered from top to bottom. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. These vertebrae bear much of the body's weight and related biomechanical stress. It is part of the section of the spinal cord which is most vulnerable to injury due to the area's high level of flexibility. It is a superhighway for messages between the brain and the rest of the body. The sacral canal runs down the center of the sacrum and represents the end of the vertebral canal.The bottom of the spinal column is called the coccyx or tailbone. The axons that link the spinal cord to the muscles and the rest of the body are bundled into  The T1 vertebra is the first (uppermost) of the twelve (12) thoracic vertebrae that make up the central and largest section of the spinal column between the lumbar vertebrae below and the cervical vertebrae above.The second vertebra in the thoracic spine is responsible for helping to support the rib cage. This level is also called the important transpyloric plane, since the pylorus of the stomach is at this level.Injuries to the spinal column at L2 or lower will damage the tip of the spinal cord, called the conus, or the spray of spinal roots that are descending to the appropriate spinal vertebral levels to exit the spinal canal or the caudal equina.The L3 vertebra is in the middle of the five lumbar vertebrae in the lower back portion of the spinal column. Neurons are classified as either motor, sensory, or interneurons. The anterior aspect of the upper thoracic spine is a difficult region to approach in spinal surgery.Spinal cord transection at T4 results in severe damage of the nervous tissue, with impairment of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. T9 to T12 injuries can be classified as either complete or incomplete injuries. The spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers that extend from the brain stem down the spinal column to the lower back. They also help to maintain  Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are conditions that affect the moveable joints of the spine that help keep the vertebrae aligned one on top of the other. An injury in this area will most likely experience limited or complete loss of use of the muscles in the lower abdomen, buttocks, legs, and feet. This particular vertebra has a complete articular facet and the thoracic spinal nerves passes out under it. These fractures are typically caused by high-velocity accidents, such as a car crash, or a fall from height.Paraplegia with loss of function below mid-chest; full control of armsMost often control the hands, but poor trunk control as the result of lack of abdominal muscle control.Paraplegia with loss of function below the waist; good control of torsoAllow good trunk control and abdominal muscle control. Extent of disability is determined by damage done to the T10 vertebra. Injuries to C-1 and C-2 can result in a loss of many involuntary functions including the ability to breathe, necessitating breathing aids such as ventilators or diaphragmatic pacemakers.Injury to spinal bone three often causes pain, tingling, and sometimes numbness in the arms, neck, and head. These injuries generally allow wrist control, but no hand function.Quadriplegia with shoulder, elbow, wrist, and some hand function - The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process, hence the name vertebra prominens. By using ThoughtCo, you accept ourPIXOLOGICSTUDIO/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty ImagesThis illustration shows the nerve roots of the spinal nerves coming out of the vertebrae.Human Spine Blueprint.

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Spinal cord diagram

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