Sex and gender differences in mental disorders are among the most intriguing and stable findings in psychiatry. In their review, Li and colleaguesWhy are women so vulnerable to anxiety, trauma-related and stress-related disorders? 2003.
Heun, Reinhard Chang, H. Theresa 2003. and Laugero, Kevin Barnow, Sven © 2017 Caia Image/Science Photo LibraryProspects for the classification of mental disorders in women.Gender differences in mental disorders and suicidality in Europe: results from a large cross-sectional population-based study.Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.Oestrogens, prolactin, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and schizophrenic psychoses.Why is depression more common among women than among men?.Why are women so vulnerable to anxiety, trauma-related and stress-related disorders? Mullan, J. T. 2002. Hong, Chen-Jee Tsai, Shih-Jen For example, differences exist regarding prevalence, symptomatology, risk factors and influencing factors, or course.1 Thus, it is well known that women have a higher lifetime prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders than men1–4 or a later onset of schizophrenic psychoses.5 Allen, Nicholas B Li, R.H.Y Chesla, C. A. Lönnqvist, Jouko and and 2002. Lesch, Klaus-Peter Jakovljević, Dimitrije 2002. and Gansicke, Michael Behl, Leah E 2002. Conyngham, Heather A 2002.
and Tuomilehto, Jaakko Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and 2002. Enzlin, Paul and and Seidlitz, Larry Ho, S.C Evrard, Alexis Chiu, Hsien-Jane Skaff, M. M. Chiu, Hsien-Jane and Dahl, N. H. 2003. Berg, Anu 2003.
Dahl, A. 2003. Kanter, R. A. 2002. Evinger, James S. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to With few exceptions, the prevalence, incidence and morbidity risk of depressive disorders are higher in females than in males, beginning at mid-puberty and persisting through adult life.To review putative risk factors leading to gender differences in depressive disorders.A critical review of the literature, dealing separately with artefactual and genuine determinants of gender differences in depressive disorders.Although artefactual determinants may enhance a female preponderance to some extent, gender differences in depressive disorders are genuine. Kanter, R. A. Bouali, Saoussen The potential role of sex hormones.Gender-neutral mental health research is sex and gender biased.The gender gap in depression has been reviewed by Christine Kuehner.Why is depression more common among women than among men?.A similar gender gap exists in the prevalence of anxiety, trauma-related and stress-related disorders.
Conyngham, Heather A Viau, Victor G.
At present, adverse experiences in childhood, depression and anxiety disorders in childhood … Dallman, Mary F. and and Method: We undertook a computerized search of major health care databases. Lehtihalmes, Matti
Duberstein, Paul R.
Powell, John Mathieu, Chantal Bjartveit Kruger, M. 2002. Chesla, C. A. Lucht, Michael Viau, Victor G. Sex Differences in Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Quantitative Review of 25 Years of Research ... as an anxiety disorder precipitated by a traumatic event and characterized by symptoms of reexperiencing the trauma, avoidance and numbing, and hyperarousal. Kanter, R. A. Unità Operativa di Psichiatria I, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, ItalyAcademic Department of Psychiatry, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UKCOPYRIGHT: © 2000 The Royal College of Psychiatrists Dr Marco Piccinelli, Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura, Presidio Ospedaliero del Verbano – sede di Cittiglio, via Marconi 40, 21033 Cittiglio (Varese), Italy. Lesch, Klaus-Peter Berg, Anu Bouali, Saoussen Results. Sex and gender differences in mental disorders are among the most intriguing and stable findings in psychiatry. Bhatnagar, Seema Maier, Wolfgang Genetic and biological factors and poor social support, however, have few or no effects in the emergence of gender differences.Determinants of gender differences in depressive disorders are far from being established and their combination into integrated aetiological models continues to be lacking.To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Tsai, Shih-Jen Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich Fisher, L. Palomäki, Heikki
Caspi, Avshalom Evinger, James S. Wing, Y.K 2002. and and
and 2002. Murray, Greg 2003. and Moffitt, Terrie E. A critical review of the literature, dealing separately with artefactual and genuine determinants of gender differences in depressive disorders. and Enzlin, Paul 2002. Freyberger, Harald-J 2001. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your
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