Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (ur.1 czerwca 1796 w Paryżu, zm. Wherever motive power is produced, there is always production of heat in a quantity precisely proportional to the motive power destroyed. Conversely, where there is destruction of heat, there is production of motive power" (Bejan 1997, 34). Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot * 01.06.1796 Paris † 24.08.1832 Paris Er war ein französischer Ingenieur und Physiker. Having an infamous father made career moves on Carnot's part difficult. Carnot's father died in exile in 1823. After that his life was spent largely in studies and in the cultivation of the arts, especially music.The only interruption of Carnot's stay in Paris came in 1821, when he visited his father in exile in Magdeburg; his father died 2 years later. Rudolph Clausius finally showed that the two viewpoints were actually two independent principles, both of which were valid and necessary to understand thermodynamics.
Based on some crude assumptions, he did attempt to evaluate the maximum efficiency of a heat engine and compare it to the best steam engines in operation at the time. He was also an active member of the Association Polytechnique, devoted to the dissemination of useful knowledge among the wider segments of society.The principal information on Carnot's life is the essay written in 1872 by his younger brother, Hippolyte. In 1818 he made use of a new royal decree and successfully took the exams for admission to the corps of general staff officers. After Waterloo the elder Carnot was exiled, and Sadi was sent from one military fortress to another to do routine engineering work. He first contracted an inflammation of the lungs, then An examination of Carnot's papers after his death indicates that he had jettisoned the prevailing theory of heat based on "From some ideas I have formed on the theory of heat," he wrote, "the production of one unit of motive power requires the destruction of 2.70 units of heat" (Caullery 1934, 99). Sadi entered the famed Polytechnique at the age of 16, and he graduated first the next year in the artillery section. Around this time, Carnot became a member of the Association Polytechnique, an organization of graduates from the Polytechnic School, with the goal of disseminating scientific and practical knowledge to the general public.
His last 8 years were spent in an intense search for an improved system of economics, of taxation, and of scientific education. He made the unit for the measurement of temperature equivalent to that of the centigrade scale, but put the zero point for his scale at absolute zero, the temperature at which the volume of an ideal gas is so reduced that it disappears.
Thermodynamics had so many wide-ranging applications after it was more fully developed by Clausius and Thomson, and afterwards in a far more powerful fashion by Willard Gibbs, that it is hard to imagine modern science without it.
In 1830, 2 years after his retirement from the army, he helped organize the Réunion Polytechnique Industrielle to promote collaboration among the alumni of the Polytechnique in support of the foregoing program. He can be thought of as outside the mainstream of the scientific community. While it appears that during his lifetime, Carnot's analysis made no great waves in the scientific community, it took only one scientist to appreciate his contribution. Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (French: [kaʁno]; 1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French military engineer and physicist, often described as the "father of thermodynamics".In his only publication, the 1824 monograph Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, Carnot gave the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of heat engines.Carnot… Although he clearly formulated the problems to be solved, his less than rigorous approach to estimating the very quantities that were crucial to the importance of his work may have slowed the acceptance of his ideas. These notes were preserved by Carnot's brother, Hippolyte, excerpts from which were published in 1871. Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (June 1, 1796 – August 24, 1832) was a French physicist and military engineer whose formulation of the laws on the theoretical efficiency of heat engines paved the way for the establishment of the field of thermodynamics.
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